Accessible Routes Connect All Points - This Is a Non-Negotiable ADA Requirement
The fundamental principle of ADA accessibility is that a person using a wheelchair or other mobility aid must be able to reach every accessible element and space in a building using an accessible route. Accessible routes must connect accessible parking, building entrances, all accessible interior spaces, and accessible elements (restrooms, water fountains, elevators). No accessible element is compliant if it cannot be reached via an accessible route. The ARE PA exam tests accessible route requirements in virtually every accessibility question.
Accessible Route Dimensional Requirements
| Requirement | Dimension |
|---|---|
| Minimum clear width | 36 inches (except as noted) |
| Width at turns around obstructions (60+ in. long) | 44 inches |
| Passing space (if route is less than 60 in. wide) | 60 x 60 inch passing alcove, max 200 ft apart |
| Maximum slope (running slope) | 1:20 (5%) - steeper than this is a ramp |
| Maximum cross slope | 1:48 (2%) |
| Floor surface | Stable, firm, and slip-resistant |
| Head room clearance | 80 inches minimum |
What Is Included in an Accessible Route
An accessible route includes all components along the path: walkways, corridors, floors, ramps, elevators, lifts, and accessible doors. Each component must meet its own dimensional requirements. Interior doors on accessible routes require a minimum 32-inch clear opening width (with door at 90 degrees) and maneuvering clearances on both sides. Floor surfaces must be stable, firm, and slip-resistant - thick carpet and gravel are not acceptable surfaces for accessible routes.
Running Slope vs. Cross Slope
Running slope is the slope in the direction of travel along an accessible route. The maximum running slope for an accessible route is 1:20 (5%). Any slope steeper than 1:20 is classified as a ramp and must meet the requirements of ADA Section 405, including handrails, edge protection, level landings, and a maximum slope of 1:12. Cross slope is the slope perpendicular to the direction of travel - this must not exceed 1:48 (approximately 2%) to prevent wheelchair users from drifting off the path.
Common Accessible Route Design Issues
- Protruding objects (signs, fire extinguisher cabinets) that project more than 4 inches from a wall below 80 inches are hazards for visually impaired users and are prohibited on accessible routes.
- Gratings on accessible routes must have openings that do not exceed 0.5 inch in the direction of travel.
- Curb ramps at street crossings are part of the accessible route and must meet their own slope and width requirements.
- Accessible routes must not pass through kitchens, storage rooms, or other spaces that could create path interruptions.
Accessible Routes to Site Features
Accessible routes must connect all accessible parking spaces, accessible passenger loading zones, and accessible entrances to the building. When there are multiple entrances, the accessible entrance must be on the accessible route from parking. If the accessible entrance is not the primary entrance, signage must direct accessible users to the accessible entrance from the primary entrance and from accessible parking.
Key Exam Points
- Minimum accessible route width: 36 inches; 44 inches at obstructions; 60 × 60 passing space.
- Maximum running slope: 1:20 (5%); steeper = ramp requirement.
- Maximum cross slope: 1:48 (2%).
- Door clear opening: 32 inches minimum with door at 90 degrees.
- Accessible routes connect all accessible elements - parking, entrances, restrooms, elevators.
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